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How to Start a Literature Review
Learn how to structure, outline, and write your literature review with templates, real examples, and expert tips for beginners.


How to Write a Research Question: Types, Examples & Step-by-Step Guide
Learn to craft effective research questions with examples across qualitative, quantitative, and correlational research.


Complete Guide to AI-Assisted Research Ethics
Explore the correct use of AI in academic research.


How to Find Research Gaps: 3-step-method
Learn a simple, 3-step, method to find research gaps.


Step-by-Step Guide to Organizing Academic Literature
How to collect, categorize, and analyze your literature review.
Explore all Literature Review Guides
Want to explore all of our literature review guides and stories? Click below to access the full publication.


How to Cite in Vancouver Style: Complete ICMJE Guide
The Vancouver citation style for biomedical and health sciences.


How to Cite in IEEE Format: Complete Citation Guide
The IEEE citations for engineering and computer science.


How to Cite in MLA Format: Complete 9th Edition Guide
MLA citation style for humanities, literature, and languages


How to Cite in Harvard Style: Complete Referencing Guide
The Harvard citation style used in by UK, Australian, and international universities.


How to Cite in Chicago Style: Complete 18th Edition Guide
Chicago-format citations used by history, arts, and humanities
Not seeing your citation style?
Looking for Turabian, ACS, ASA, Bluebook, NLM, ACSME, AIP, SBL, or others? Our complete guide has you covered.


How to Cite Yourself (Self-Citation)
Referencing your own previous work? Here's how to cite yourself properly—and when it's appropriate to do so.


How to Cite Sources Without an Author
No author listed? You can still cite it properly. Here's how to handle anonymous and authorless sources.


How to Cite Online Videos (YouTube, TikTok, Lectures, Webinars)
Citing a YouTube video or TikTok in your paper? Here's how to format it correctly for academic work.


How to Cite Sources You Can't Fully Access
Stuck behind a paywall? Working from an abstract? Here's how to handle citations for sources you can't read in full.


How to Cite Preprints, Working Papers, and Non-Peer-Reviewed Sources
Preprints and working papers need citations too—but the rules are different. Here's how to do it right.
Curious about other citation edge-cases?
Wondering how to cite sources with no date, Government websites, blogposts, or other peculiarities? Browse all our source guides.


